![]() This was approved by the steering body of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) in 2005. The recommendations of that workshop led to a proposal to create a WMO Sand and Dust Storm Project coordinated jointly with the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). On 12-14 September 2004, an International Symposium on Sand and Dust Storms was held in Beijing at the China Meteorological Agency followed by a WMO Experts Workshop on Sand and Dust Storms. The history of the WMO SDS-WAS development is as follows. The WMO has taken the lead with international partners to develop and implement a Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS). This requires the development of interfaces with operational communities at international and national levels, strongly focusing on the needs of people and factors at risk. Furthermore, the community of practice for SDS observations, forecasts and analyses is mainly scientifically based and rather disconnected from potential users. However, at present there are interdisciplinary research challenges to overwhelm current uncertainties in order to reach full potential. In this context, recent major advances in research - including, for example, the development and implementation of advanced observing systems, the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms responsible for sand and dust storm generation and the development of global and regional dust models - represent the basis for developing applications focusing on societal benefit and risk reduction. Aeolian dust is unique among aerosol phenomena: (1) with the possible exception of sea-salt aerosol, it is globally the most abundant of all aerosol species, (2) it appears as the dominating component of atmospheric aerosol over large areas of the Earth, (3) it represents a serious hazard for life, health, property, environment and economy (occasionally reaching the grade of disaster or catastrophic event) and (4) its influence, impacts, complex interactions and feedbacks within the Earth System span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.įrom a political and societal point of view, the concern for SDS and the need for international cooperation were reflected after a survey conducted in 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in which more than forty WMO Member countries expressed their interest for creating or improving capacities for SDS warning advisory and assessment. After aeolian uptake, SDS reduce visibility to a few meters in and near source regions, and dust plumes are transported over distances as long as thousands of kilometres. The high-quality wood products originate from sustainable, certified forests.This volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science presents a selection of papers that were given at the WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on an International Sand and Dust Storm Warning System hosted by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputación in Barcelona (Spain) on 7-9 November 2007 ( ).Ī sand and dust storm (SDS) is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions and arises when a gust front passes or when the wind force exceeds the threshold value where loose sand and dust are removed from the dry surface. The wood residues are used to power five in-house biomass heating plants. For example, sawdust is used to produce pellets and briquettes, and blocks are used to make transport pallets. All of the waste materials generated during processing, such as wood bark, wood chips and sawdust, are further processed to produce marketable finished and semi-finished products. In recent years, HIT has invested over EUR 200 million into a highly technological and fully integrated production process which covers all stages of value creation – from procuring the untreated wood to producing and delivering pallets and other wood products. The plant has annual production and drying capacities for 17 million transport pallets. sawn timber, pellets and briquettes) at the production site in Torgau. Every year, over 1.1 million cubic metres of wood are processed into pallets and other wood products (incl. HIT Holzindustrie Torgau was founded in 1999 and, with over EUR 220 million of turnover and around 800 employees, is one of the biggest manufacturers of euro-pallets in Europe. ![]() This means that we ensure planning certainty and security of supply for your production. ![]() Whether boards, blocks or nails – we manufacture all of our own subproducts at our site in Torgau in eastern Germany. We are the market leader for wooden pallets in Germany and Europe's largest manufacturer of euro-pallets. ![]()
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